Word: popularized
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...government is more tolerant of Islam these days. Besides opening new mosques, the regime has virtually ended official anti-Muslim propaganda. What accounts for the turnabout? Reasons include the need for cooperation from Muslim countries and for popular support along the potentially troublesome southern Asia flank. (In Azerbaidzhan, a few Muslims have been waving photos of the Ayatullah Khomeini or sprouting Iranian-style beards. However, there is sparse evidence of religious fanaticism, either inspired by neighboring Iran and Afghanistan or encouraged by the Soviets' own tolerance.) The crucial factor is awareness inside the Kremlin that economic and cultural stagnation stems...
...bottle, Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985 launched an all-out campaign against alcohol. The Soviets raised the legal drinking age from 18 to 21, limited the hours when alcohol could be sold and increased the price of vodka from 4.7 rubles ($7.75) to 10 rubles ($16.50) a liter. But popular resistance has forced Gorbachev to ease up on his crusade, and public drunkenness is on the rise again...
...restaurant in Moscow, he made 190 rubles ($304) a month even if no one came to dinner. "I didn't care if we had customers or not," he says with a shrug. "I didn't care if the service was good." Two years ago, he started his own now popular bistro, Kropotkinskaya 36, just off Sadovaya Ring Road in the Soviet capital. Fedorov pays himself about 850 rubles ($1,360) a month, nearly four times the average Soviet salary. But he works twice as hard as he ever did as a government employee. "If I don't have customers...
...Victor Podziruk, a lieutenant colonel, beat a general. Roy Medvedev, the dissident historian, led in his district and is favored in a runoff. Alla Yaroshinskaya, a nonparty journalist in the Ukraine whose stories enrage local officials, beat four party members. Nationalism triumphed in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, where popular-front candidates won a majority of seats...
...rather than money. True, productions tend to look a lot alike, regardless of content: perhaps as a reaction against the easy intimacy of TV's close-ups, almost every company seems infatuated with mounting shows in gloomy near darkness or in silhouette behind a scrim. Moreover, many of the popular tricks of stagecraft (a costumed mannequin standing amid the audience's seats, a door flinging open to reveal a burst of light) are recognizable even to Westerners as derived from the 1960s work of such still active directors as Yuri Lyubimov and Oleg Efremov, who today runs the venerable Moscow...