Word: powder
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...Indian tribes in the area blockaded the Trail, and throughout the next three years (1865-1868), the Indian chief Red Cloud, an Oglala Sioux, spearheaded a running battle with the U.S. cavalry for control of the Powder River area...
...treaty commission never intended to accept a compromise with the Indians, and only Red Cloud's resistance forced the government to abandon its plans for the Powder River country. The numerous peace commissions-three in two years-that arrived at Fort Laramie always sought Red Cloud's signature, and the great Sioux leader was willing to meet with the commissions...
...often, military outfits accompanied the peace commissions to the negotiations, and although some Indian tribes agreed to give up the Powder River country in exchange for ammunition, blankets and other supplies, Red Cloud withheld his endorsement...
...treaty commission, however, pretended that the agreement was in effect, and the U.S. cavalry built forts along the Powder River. Red Cloud, angered by the white man's presumptuousness, defended his territory from the bluecoated invaders, setting off a series of skirmishes that included some of the cavalry's worst defeats...
...Cloud's personal war in defense of the Powder River ended in 1868, when he signed the Laramie treaty on November 6. The treaty ended hostilities, but more importantly, it gave the Black Hills to the Indians permanently. The U.S. government was not being generous-it considered the Paha Sapa a worthless piece of land...