Word: power
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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During the fifth and sixth centuries, the spiritual prestige of Rome's bishop became complicated by the fact that he was a secular power as well. At the time of the barbarian invasions, the Popes emerged as Rome's most prestigious leaders. Leo I, who stopped Attila the Hun at the gates of Rome, was the first to use the term primacy in reference to the papacy. The Prankish King Pepin gave the Pope jurisdiction over central Italy-and for the next 1,000 years bishops of Rome were land-governing princes as well as the spiritual leaders...
...Christendom, the Popes lost much of their secular power. The watershed was the Reformation, which cost the papacy nearly half of its faithful subjects. Increasingly, bishops of Rome concentrated on purely spiritual matters, as a way of reasserting their authority. The Counter Reformation Council of Trent, which was closely directed by three strong-minded Popes, marked the beginning of the modern era of "papal maximalism." Theoretically at least, the question of papal prerogative seemed to have been settled by the First Vatican Council of 1870, which declared that the Pope, when he speaks ex cathedra for the church on matters...
...appears to be Paul's view that the Second Vatican Council marked the limits of possible reform. For many Catholic progressives, the conciliar decrees were just a starting point. Vatican II, for example, established the principle of collegiality-meaning that bishops share ruling power over the church with the Pope. Many theologians argue that Paul's unilateral decision on birth control makes a mockery of this principle. And they further argue that collegiality ought to be extended downward to encompass the entire church...
Graceful as they are in the air, today's jetliners have become increasingly awkward on the ground. Taxiing under their own power, they use inordinate amounts of fuel; maneuvering them in maintenance areas and hangars is tough and timeconsuming. And such troubles will only grow worse with the introduction of the 490-passenger Boeing 747 and the supersonic transport. One way to solve the problem, say engineers of Seattle's Aero-Go Inc., is to keep the planes aloft even when they are on the ground. They have done just that by developing a device that can literally...
...bearings can be connected to any convenient source of compressed air and usually require little pressure. Aero-Go has even developed a fourelement air bearing device that will enable a housewife to shove a 600-lb. refrigerator around the kitchen floor. Its power source: the exhaust air flow of an ordinary vacuum cleaner...