Word: poznan
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Breathing Space. The Polish Communist leaders had settled for "gradualism." The question is: Will a gradual transition to national Communism satisfy the Polish people? The Poznan trials had sparked a vast flare-up of national feeling in Poland. Peasant farmers abandoned their collective farms (280 farms dissolved in the Szczecin district alone), workers took over factories, and university students demonstrated all over the country. The situation paralleled that in Hungary, except that the Communist leadership apparently reacted in time, and so earned a breathing space. Now something of a hero for his defiance of Khrushchev, Gomulka is using every available...
...From the Poznan riots to the Battle of Budapest, the one voice which should have been heard above the tumult of revolt was that of Yugoslavia's Marshal Tito. For "Titoism," if not Tito, was at the bottom of most of the trouble. Yet Tito had little to say while events were going further than he intended. Like any dictator, he wanted no dictation from the streets. Last week Tito spoke...
...Risk. These were the prepared positions to which the Kremlin could move if and when necessary. Events in Hungary had suggested a slight retreat; out went Stalinist Rakosi and in came Gero, also a Stalinist but less notoriously so. In Poland, the Poznan defense lawyers were allowed unheard-of freedom. Khrushchev boasted recently in Moscow (to Italy's junketing No. 2 Red, Luigi Longo) that his rein-loosening program was popularizing and perpetuating Soviet Communism in the satellites. In theory, it may have been a sound risk...
...acknowledged that there could be "other roads to socialism." He had, at Tito's urging, rehabilitated satellite lead ers (sometimes posthumously) who had once defied Stalin. He had permitted "liberalization" of Communism's harsh rule, and when this liberalization had produced not gratitude but open resistance at Poznan, the Kremlin leadership had shown in the Poznan trials that it feared to return to repression. Perhaps Khrushchev could no longer control the forces he had unleashed. The time had come to find out, and the Polish Communists had found the man to make the test...
...influence in the regime. They are handicapped, first by the fact that Stalin's purging of the Polish party has left them few competent leaders, and secondly by the fact that the Polish people are in no mood to make a distinction between "good" and "bad" Communists. The Poznan trial was an effort to establish what the "liberal" Communists believe to be a valid distinction...