Word: pr
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Although several systems of voting--including those used in most European countries--are a form of PR, the variant that American cities have historically used is the one Cambridge employs--the single transferable ballot...
...PR arrived in Cambridge in 1941, carried in by a wave of good-government reform and prompted by a scandal that nearly bankrupted the city and sent the mayor to jail...
...that time, the new Plan E charter stripped the mayor and City Council of almost all executive power, vesting it in the city manager, to be appointed by the council. The old voting system of wards and precincts was revamped and replaced with PR...
...although the PR system has withstood several challenges at the polls over the last 48 years, people in Cambridge still grumble about it from time to time...
...their chief complaints is that "proportional representation" is really "perpetual representation": Sitting councillors almost always win. Critics of PR point to the most recent council election in 1987, when nine incumbents sought re-election, and nine incumbents...