Word: precursores
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...their revolt against cultural matriarchy, these moderns were inspired and guided by two rival geniuses of psychology: the great precursor William James, who had died in 1910, and Sigmund Freud. There is a certain irony in the latter's role: Freud visited New York only once, in 1909, and was not impressed. He acknowledged that America was the first country to embrace psychoanalysis but detested the democratizing tendencies of the country's culture. Yet his ideas had a formative influence on writers as varied as Eugene O'Neill and James Thurber...
...tend to hear Beethoven today as the precursor to the Romantics. Gardiner takes the opposite tack; for him, Beethoven is the natural successor to the classical school of Haydn (his teacher) and Mozart. After all, Beethoven did not know Bruckner and Mahler were on their way, but he certainly did know the music of his time, and Gardiner reveals (and revels in) Beethoven's links to it. In place of the weighty textures and stately pace that mark modern interpretations, Gardiner offers a Haydn-like sprightliness...
...only raised tricky questions about how to balance openness with good taste, but also managed, on a campus not noted for activism, to rouse something resembling a student protest movement. CMU casts a long shadow in cyberspace. It was one of the first ^ universities to join the Arpanet (the precursor to the Internet) and the first to wire up its dorms. It even provides Internet access to some of its bathrooms. Using the computer networks to spread the word and muster support, the students quickly organized a "Protest for Freedom in Cyberspace" that drew 350 students and faculty members. (Pittsburgh...
...Bloom's criticism, is difficult to state succinctly. For openers, writers who wish to be "strong," that is, to produce works worthy of the Canon, must first confront and somehow conquer the power of "strong" writers who preceded them: "Any strong literary work creatively misreads and therefore misinterprets a precursor text or texts." What others simply regard as literary imitation Bloom recasts as Darwinian or Freudian struggles for dominance: "Tradition is not only a handing-down or process of benign transmission; it is also a conflict between past genius and present aspiration, in which the prize is literary survival...
...vocabulary. When a friend in Denver challenged Lemon to create a piece with a black theme, Lemon demurred, but a chance meeting with Le Vaughn Robinson, a street-corner tap dancer, changed his mind. The result of their collaboration was Buck Dance, based on the syncopated clog dancing (the precursor of tap) that slaves performed to entertain their masters...