Word: predicters
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...have nearly wiped out harvests in some fields. The bugs are natives of the Soviet Union, Iran and Afghanistan, but were transplanted to Mexico by unknown means in 1980 and have been moving north ever since. Last year the insects caused $36 million in damage across ten states. Experts predict losses at least that heavy this year. By fall the aphids may reach Canada...
...Others predict that a combination of neural networks and expert systems could solve problems too tough for either to tackle alone. Since natural intelligence consists of several ways of reasoning, the argument goes, computer engineers will have to design artificial intelligence with more than one way of processing information. Says Esther Dyson, editor of Release 1.0, a computer-industry newsletter: "A neural network will tell the difference between a Russian tank and an American tank, and an expert system will tell whether to shoot...
Nature's editors were duly skeptical. The magazine had printed, with disclaimers, some dubious reports in the past. In 1974, for example, Nature published a paper that claimed Psychic Uri Geller, since discredited by Randi, could predict dice throws a million times as accurately as chance would predict...
Defenders of the existing system say sentencing decisions are based on objective measures such as prior arrests, employment history and stability of family background, factors that are commonly believed to predict whether a culprit will err again. But critics argue that these standards stack the deck against a member of a minority group; they are likened to the literacy tests once used to prevent Southern blacks from voting. "Some of the criteria that sound neutral and non-racially discriminatory are in effect proxies for race," says Criminologist Marvin Wolfgang...
...said he could not predict when he would make the announcement or if it will be this week. He said he would study the report. Thursday and might also have to consult with Iranian and Iraqi envoys...