Word: preempted
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...quick-minded Alvin Roth, 43, is a worrier, and shows it. No. 6 in master points with 3,849^, Roth "suffers from being a bit of a genius," according to one fellow expert. With his explosive partner Tobias Stone, he devised some widely used bidding innovations, including the "preempt overcall" (e.g., North, one diamond; East, two spades) to show a single strong suit with little side strength, and the "unusual no trump" (e.g., North, one spade; East, pass; South, two spades; West, two no trump) asking partner to bid his better minor suit. Says Roth on bidding...
...Unless specifically stated, no act of Congress would preempt state laws in the same field. This is in answer to the 1956 Supreme Court decision in the case of Pennsylvania Communist Leader Steve Nelson, who had been convicted under a state antisedition law. The court held that Congress, by passing federal antisubversion laws, had superseded all state laws dealing with subversive activities against...