Word: pretest
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...that people with even a single copy of it are invariably doomed to a lingering, unpleasant death from an illness that is as yet incurable. This also means that the test results will sound either a death sentence or a reprieve--a fact that must be made clear during pretest counseling, says Nancy Wexler, the Columbia University clinical psychologist whose research led to the discovery of the Huntington's gene. Because of their decision to take the test, she says, some 50,000 Americans are living without symptoms but with the dismaying knowledge that they have the Huntington's gene...
...Columbia protest, Raskin said, was meant to "make life very difficult for the administration" at Columbia in the hope that the school would be forced to divest. The peaceful Harvard pretest, he added, was meant "to develop, such an-irresistible political force that that too make life impossible...
...view across to the public. Last week, for example, Reagan's top aides indicated their displeasure with Martin Feldstein, chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, through a leak by "a senior White House official" to Knight-Ridder newspaper reporters. The purpose of leaks is often manipulative: to pretest public reaction to a plan, outflank a colleague or sabotage a rival policy proposal. There is an added appeal: journalists are so accustomed to treating the closed-door side of Washington as the "real" one that they tend to report unattributed information with less skepticism than they bring to public...
...sought a rapprochement with the rest of the Arab world. The reason is partly financial--without investment from these off-rich nations, economic development will remain difficult, if not impossible. While carefully vowing to uphold Sadat's commitments, Mubarak used the Israeli invention of Lebenon last summer as a pretest to a recal his ambassador from [arme] and attacked Prime Minister Begin for "sounding the drums of war and flexing the muscles of tyrannous force." Though Libya and Syria remain of to Mubarak's overtures, Soudi Arabia, Jordan and Iraq--which receives Egyptian arms for its war against Iran--have...
...many of the screening methods on which ETS depends to ensure fairness in its exams are themselves the subject of the most heated criticism. For example, every question given on an SAT must be "pretested," a process ETS considers to be essential. ETS tries to see if the median score of students who answered the question correctly is higher than that of students who got the question wrong. This ensures that the tests will always measure the same things in the same way. Critics claim that by doing this ETS operates under the assumption that what it measures...