Word: pretoria
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Like many African leaders, Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda has repeatedly called for economic sanctions against South Africa. He has even threatened to withdraw from the Commonwealth if Britain fails to punish Pretoria. Yet Kaunda's country can ill afford sanctions. Landlocked Zambia, already suffering through its worst recession since independence in 1964, buys much of its industrial and agricultural equipment from Pretoria and has almost two- thirds of its non-oil imports shipped through South Africa. If the West were to impose sanctions on South Africa, economic necessity, compounded by a sense of vengeance, would probably move Pretoria to stop...
That sad paradox is repeated, indeed intensified, throughout the black nations of the region. Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland depend upon Pretoria for all their oil. Lesotho gets all its electricity from South Africa. Almost every export and import of the three countries travels through South Africa. As if that were not enough, Pretoria's official exports within the continent have risen by 40% this year, and promise to reach a record $800 million. Any Western blow against South Africa could amount to a killer blow against many of the so-called frontline states. Warns a South African diplomat in London...
...equivalent to more than 75% of its wage-labor force, but would also be deprived of their salary remittances, which currently exceed the country's entire gross domestic product. Earlier this year South Africa showed how it could use its economic might against Lesotho, which had been harboring anti-Pretoria activists. South Africa put up an economic blockade, and within 19 days there was a military takeover...
Every time a paroxysm of black unrest grips South Africa, followed by a crackdown by the white government of State President P.W. Botha, statesmen and politicians in Western capitals begin asking, Is there a way, any way short of military action for the world to force Pretoria to change its racial policies? Last week, as South Africa's current state of emergency entered its third week, the debate flared once more. Its focus: whether recent events require a major step-up in economic sanctions against South Africa, and whether such pressure would really contribute to banishing apartheid...
Earlier this month the South African government imposed a national state of emergency in an effort to control political protest by those opposed to apartheid. The action, which is one of the most extreme taken by the Pretoria government, has significantly increased the pressure in the United States and Europe for an end to white minority rule of that nation...