Word: prevented
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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After the convention's ceremonial opening on May 25, the Rules Committee spent the weekend organizing its procedures, which were formal and parliamentary -- and included an important provision that no vote could prevent the delegates "from revising the subject matter of it when they see cause." Then, although Madison had probably drafted the Virginia plan, Governor Edmund Randolph was given the honor of introducing it. It took him more than three hours...
...first boom time for rule writers came during the Great Depression of the 1930s. At the urging of President Franklin Roosevelt, Congress commissioned ranks of regulators to repair the economic damage and prevent its recurrence by monitoring banks, stockbrokers and other businesses. Among the new watchdog agencies were the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (1933), the Securities and Exchange Commission (1934) and the National Labor Relations Board (1935). When regulatory legislation was first challenged, a conservative Supreme Court thought the Constitution did not provide the authority for such federal meddling, but Roosevelt's appointment of more liberal members...
...major arguments have always taken place between Congress and the White House, but now special interests also use the courts to nibble at Executive power. Environmentalists filed suit in 1971 to prevent Nixon from conducting an underground nuclear test on Alaska's Amchitka Island. The Supreme Court ruled 4 to 3 in the President's favor, but the battle left a bitter residue. Patrick Buchanan, then a White House aide, recalls asking Nixon what he would have done had the court gone against him. The President's angry response: "I was going to fire it anyway." That, perhaps...
...West German constitution, written under the watchful eye of U.S. occupation leaders, sought to prevent the rise of another Hitler by limiting the executive branch. Recalls Joachim von Elbe, a Bonn legal expert: "We did not want to make the Germans just imitate the American constitutional model but rely on themselves to reform, rebuild and overcome the Nazi period." The framers decreed that the Bundestag, or parliament, could not oust a Chancellor without first choosing a successor. That has helped prevent a return of the political chaos that brought the Nazis to power in the 1930s...
...Yakovlev, 63, who has overseen the Soviet media campaign to promote reform. In addition, General Dmitri Yazov, 63, the new Defense Minister, was made a non-voting member of the Politburo. His predecessor, Marshal Sergei Sokolov, 75, was dismissed in disgrace last month over the military's failure to prevent the landing of a West German light plane near Red Square...