Word: price
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...hottest debate is in South Africa, where nearly 3.5 million of that country's 40 million citizens are HIV-infected--more than three times the U.S. rate--and 50,000 new HIV cases emerge each month. Drug prices tend to be high, a holdover from apartheid, when price premiums were needed to encourage foreign companies to override sanctions. Says Mojanku Gumbi, an adviser to South Africa's new President, Thabo Mbeki: "This is not about intellectual property rights. It's about pricing structure and segmenting of markets. We are saying that the drug companies can't make the same profits...
...similar struggle has been going on in Thailand, which has an estimated 1.5 million HIV infections out of a population of 60 million. Yet Thailand's ability to produce drugs locally has forced the multinational companies to drop prices. Until last year, Flucanazole, an important antibiotic used to fight a fatal form of meningitis that accompanies AIDS, cost $7.36 a tablet. This year the Thais began manufacturing it locally, and the price dropped to $1. Glaxo Wellcome reduced the price of AZT to less than $1 per tablet after Thailand began making its own version...
...costs and the lack of ethical codes in developing countries as a way to get the trials done more cheaply and quickly," says Dan Berman of Doctors Without Borders. A better solution, the activists suggest, would be for drugs known to be effective to be made available at a price these regions can afford...
...commerce software start-up BusinessBots, thinks he has a better way. Sitting in BizBots' San Francisco office, he types in a polypropylene order on his JAM (Java Agent-Enabled Marketplace) prototype for the chemicals industry. A moment passes; then JAM matches Ma's buy order--price, purity, etc.--to a compatible sell order in its order book, and, boom, the deal closes. Phone calls: zero. Time: five minutes. Cost: maybe 10 bucks. "Theoretically," Ma says, smiling, "it makes sense to do everything this...
...earned his Ph.D. from Harvard, with a 280-page dissertation entitled An Asset Price Approach to the Analysis of Capital Income Taxation, and after a stint at MIT, went on to become the youngest tenured professor in Harvard's history...