Word: primed
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...term British Commonwealth* had been loosely in use for decades, and Britain's Arthur James Balfour, World War I Foreign Secretary, undertook to define it-with help from Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King (William Lyon Mackenzie's grandson). Lord Balfour's report called the Commonwealth "autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another," and united "by a common allegiance to the Crown," as head of the Commonwealth. The 1931 Statute of Westminster removed from Britain the right to withhold consent to laws passed by Dominion Parliaments...
Semantic Upkeep. Britain has stayed busy supplying semantic changes to keep pace with events. India and Pakistan, both republics, became members of the monarchical Commonwealth on condition that they acknowledge the Crown as "Head of the Commonwealth." At a London Conference in 1949 the assembled Prime Ministers issued a communique that began with a reference to "the British Commonwealth" and ended with a declaration of unity by the "free and equal members of the Commonwealth." It was no accident that the adjective "British" vanished in transit. Lester ("Mike") Pearson, then Canada's External Affairs chief, recalls...
...drawn direct from Commonwealth areas to London are those between the Crown and its representatives, usually Governors General or Governors. In the case of the remaining colonies, real power flows through these lines; in the case of the independent nations, the power is purely theoretical, and in practice the Prime Ministers name Governors General. Because ambassadors represent heads of state, and the Queen in most cases is head of state, Commonwealth nations use High Commissioners as representatives from one to another...
Though enormously popular in her Afro-Asian realms, Elizabeth II clearly cannot excite the same veneration or project the same mood there that she does in Britain. Shortly after Ghana's independence, Prime Minister Nkrumah substituted his own picture for the Queen's on postage stamps. He explained disarmingly: "Many of my people cannot read or write. When they buy stamps, they will see my picture -an African like themselves-and they will say, 'Aiee, look, here is my leader on the stamps. We are truly a free people!'" Other African leaders have given fair warning...
BRITISH SCHOOLING. Ceylon's Prime Minister Solomon West Ridgeway Dras Bandaranaike was a fellow student of Anthony Eden at Oxford; India's Nehru and the King of Buganda went to Cambridge. Pakistan's boss, General Mohammed Ayub Khan, was trained at Sandhurst, Britain's West Point, as was India's Chief of Staff, General Thimmaya. Every fourth cadet on parade at Sandhurst is dark-skinned. Nyasaland's rabble-rousing Dr. Hastings Banda got his postgraduate medical education at Edinburgh, Kenya's Tom Mboya went to Oxford, Ghana's Nkrumah to the London...