Word: prisons
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...glasnost policy opened prison doors too. In an apparent attempt to patch up the Soviet Union's poor human rights record, Gorbachev allowed such prominent dissidents as Anatoli Shcharansky and Yuri Orlov to leave the country. And just before Christmas the leading lights of the dissident movement, Andrei Sakharov and his wife Elena Bonner, were permitted to return to Moscow from internal exile in Gorky...
...inspirational leader in prison, and the movement he leads may turn into a crusade. That happened to Mahatma Gandhi in India and to Martin Luther King Jr. in the U.S. In 1986 the mantle of leadership settled heavily upon South Africa's most famous prisoner, Nelson Mandela. As the divided country of 5 million whites and 28 million non-whites slipped deeper into repression and confrontation, he emerged as never before as the spiritual head of the struggle against apartheid...
Mandela spent the year alone in a spacious cell on the third floor of a maximum-security wing at Pollsmoor prison, ten miles south of Cape Town. And although he has been behind bars since August 1962 for conspiracy and sabotage, his shadow fell with stark drama across the racial conflict that in the past year claimed 1,000 more lives...
...much of the outside world, Mandela's wife Winnie, 52, has become his surrogate and a symbol of the fight against South Africa's racial repression. Only 27 when her husband was sent to prison, Winnie has been banned, held in solitary confinement for months at a time, restricted and sent into domestic exile. During that time she has developed into a combative leader in her own right. Her public appearances regularly set off huge dancing demonstrations, and at the funerals of blacks killed in racial unrest, she is often carried on the shoulders of singing youths. Winnie claims...
...year no one, not even Nelson Mandela's family knew in detail his current stands on political issues, because he was forbidden to discuss them with his rare visitors. Then the South African government began seriously to consider releasing him as a "humanitarian" gesture, fearing he might die in prison and thereby touch off an uprising in the black townships. Some official might have remembered the warning of the Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard: "The tyrant dies and his rule ends; the martyr dies and his rule begins...