Word: prize
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...winner, GM's Ultralight show car and the X-38 NASA crew-return vehicle. He is now testing his most exotic craft yet, the asymmetrical twin-engined Boomerang, designed to prevent instability should one engine fail. And he has set his sights on the $10 million X-PRIZE for the first private spaceship to carry three passengers to sub-orbital altitude, land safely and return to space twice within two weeks...
...also married four times, lost three elections to Parliament, founded a school and led the movement for nuclear disarmament. He was twice jailed and dismissed from three jobs for his pacifism and unconventional views on sex. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950 and died two decades later at 97, a humane rationalist to the last...
...there a mathematical structure behind parlor games like chess and poker? Von Neumann investigated and in the process invented game theory--a branch of mathematics that has brought new insights to fields as diverse as economics and evolutionary theory. The 1997 Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to game theorists, the seventh Nobel Prize that grew out of Von Neumann's ideas...
Awards and accolades came to Fleming in rapid succession, including a knighthood (with Florey) in 1944 and the Nobel Prize for Medicine (with Florey and Chain) in 1945. By this time, even Fleming was aware that penicillin had an Achilles' heel. He wrote in 1946 that "the administration of too small doses ... leads to the production of resistant strains of bacteria." It's a problem that plagues us to this...
...only recognition that eluded him was a Nobel Prize--and not for lack of effort on his part. He tried everything. In the late 1940s he even hired a publicity agent to promote his cause. Alas, there was no prize for astronomy, and by the time the Nobel committee decided astronomy could be viewed as a branch of physics, it was too late. Insiders say Hubble was on the verge of winning when he died...