Word: processes
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...using a palette, he squeezes the colors on to plain white kitchen dishes and uses them just as they come out of the tube, except for the addition of a little turpentine. Each picture starts with a fairly detailed charcoal sketch; he gradually simplifies it as he paints. This process of simplification, he says, is the very symbol of his life: "A constant struggle for complete expression with a minimum of elements...
...partner, he installed a fellow Bostonian, his wife Natalie, a pretty woman with flaming red hair (which was fine for color experiments). Kalmus borrowed $300,000 and made his first motion picture, The Gulf Between, in two colors (red and green). Kalmus thought it much better than another color process, British-developed Kinemacolor, then in use. "It was nothing," said Dr. Kalmus of his old competitor, "for a horse to have two tails,. one red and one green...
Kalmus changed his process for his next picture, Toll of the Sea (1922). It was the first to use Technicolor's present process (in which no filters are used but special dyes are added to the film). It grossed some $250,000, of which Technicolor got more than half, and it sent Kalmus to Hollywood. When Jack Warner grossed $3,500,000 with his Technicolored Gold Diggers of Broadway in 1929, Technicolor hit the big time...
Osmotic Oozing. But the flood of orders swamped the small company. Its product became bad, and business soon fell to nothing. Dr. Kalmus turned the tide by what he calls "an osmotic oozing toward perfection." He developed the two-color process into a three-color one (red, green and blue), thus could reproduce every shade of color. This gave Technicolor a virtual monopoly on three-color pictures. Dr. Kalmus has done his best to keep it that way, by his tight control of every phase of operations...
...color prints and moviemakers hate to wait that long. Otherwise, most moviemakers would probably be glad to make all their A pictures in Technicolor. The Government takes a different view. As owner of the onetime German company, General Aniline & Film Corp., the Government has a three-color process of its own. It claimed that Technicolor deals with moviemakers - and others - were making it hard to market General Aniline's product...