Word: progestins
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Well, yes and no. Two years ago, the NIH cut short the part of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study that looked at the long-term use of a combination treatment including estrogen and progestin. Reason: women in the study were showing increased risk of heart disease, stroke and breast cancer. Last week's announcement concerns estrogen alone, which, it turns out, slightly increases a woman's risk of stroke but not of heart disease or breast cancer...
...difference between the two treatments is crucial because estrogen alone is taken by a lot more women in the U.S. (a total of 5.6 million, if you're counting) than the estrogen-progestin combination (2 million). Since estrogen in the absence of progestin increases a woman's risk of uterine cancer, it's given to women who have had a hysterectomy...
...higher stroke risk was comparable to what researchers had seen for the estrogen-progestin combo. Even at that, the increase was rather slight--about 8 additional strokes per 10,000 women. "Women should not feel this is some grand emergency for them," says Dr. Barbara Alving, director...
...fact, what surprised scientists about the study is that supplements of estrogen, unlike the combination of estrogen and progestin, did not appear to increase a woman's risk of breast cancer. Perhaps estrogen pills work more selectively in the body than anyone had realized. Or perhaps the type of progestin used in studies was more likely to trigger tumor growth...
More bad news for hormone-replacement therapy. The FDA has asked makers of HRT pills (most of which contain the hormones progestin and estrogen) to add another warning to their labels: that HRT may raise the risk of dementia in older women. A watershed 2002 study had already linked the drugs to increased risk of breast cancer, heart attack and stroke, leading experts to conclude that for many women the risks of long-term use outweigh the benefits. The recent FDA directive was based on data published last year in the Journal of the American Medical Association showing that women...