Word: progressions
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...government's action follows a July 13 ruling by the Appeals Court that a disclaimer would have to be filed by the Justice Department before the case could progress any further...
Thus defined, a rigid quota is a distorted result of the civil rights drive of the 1960s. Then the main motive was to equalize opportunities for blacks, and the movement used as one indicator of progress the proportion of blacks in the previously all-white schools of the South. The movement also led to President Lyndon Johnson's 1965 Executive Order 11246, requiring that no employer holding Government contracts may practice racial or ethnic discrimination in his hiring practices. Two years later, that order was amended to rule out sex discrimination as well...
...glib claim that hiring and promotion are most often based on merit and must not be influenced by government. In the selection of new personnel, subjective considerations-nepotism, mutual acquaintances and outright prejudice-often play decisive roles. Moreover, the history of civil rights gains in the U.S. demonstrates that progress often depends upon a requirement of specific indications of progress. Often, the only such indications are numerical. The long battle against the dual school systems in the South would not have been advanced without court-enforced accounting, whether it was called "guidelines" or racial "quotas." Clearly, some push toward proportionality...
...most visible sign of progress is the proliferation of new sewage-treatment plants, each branded with blue-and-white "clean water" emblems, that dot the shore line. To build them takes money, and it has been forthcoming. San Diego alone has spent $51 million since 1960 to scrub its wastes. Moreover, the sludge does not end up in the ocean but goes back to the land, fertilizing flower beds and lush recreational facilities. Yet even this model scheme is not enough to satisfy the new fervor for clean water. California's water resources control board has adopted a plan...
Defense Mechanism. The most dramatic progress has occurred in leukemia, a cancer of the blood-forming tissues that strikes particularly hard at children, accounting for at least a third of all cancer victims under 15. Until 1949, only 4% of acute leukemia's victims survived for three years. During the period between 1965 and 1969, this figure climbed to 30%. Now, Dr. William Thurman of the University of Virginia School of Medicine told the conference, more than half those treated with a variety of drugs at children's medical centers are alive and free of disease five years...