Word: proletarianization
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...prototype for his fictional Sally Bowles, and wrote of her escapades in Goodbye to Berlin. Sally turns out to be somewhat less vulnerable than portrayed by Julie Harris in I Am a Camera and Liza Minnelli in Cabaret. Says Isherwood: "Sally wasn't a victim, wasn't proletarian, was a mere self-indulgent upper-middle-class foreign tourist who could escape from Berlin whenever she chose...
From the huge, ocher-red viewing stand of Peking's vast T'ien An Men Square, China's newly ordained Party Chairman Hua Kuo-feng confidently smiled and waved. Below were assembled more than 1 million representatives of China's proletarian masses, waving placards, paper bouquets and red flags. The well-organized 80-minute demonstration, which was shown on television around the world, marked the official unveiling of China's post-Mao leadership alignment. It also celebrated the end of at least one chapter in a bitter six-week power struggle that saw China...
Known collectively outside China as the "Shanghai Mafia," they had all come to political power as a result of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of 1966-69; the four had enjoyed close access to Chairman Mao and promoted the most radical of the Great Helmsman's policies. Using their control over China's propaganda machinery, the radicals had constantly heated up the political atmosphere, unsparingly urging the masses to attack the "revisionists," the "capitalist readers," and other "ghosts and monsters" who, they said, were hiding in the very nooks and crannies of the Communist Party itself...
Rude Comments. The argument involved virtually every area of Chinese life. In education, for example, the radicals' approach prompted them to admit students to universities on the basis of proletarian origins and "correct" political views rather than academic attainments and test scores. One of their favorite policies has been the rustification program, in which city-educated youths have had to spend indefinite periods working on agricultural communes to "learn from the peasants." Only a small number of the most radical ones would then be chosen to go to a university. The result of this, complained moderate Education Minister Chou...
...production, computers and aircraft, the moderates have not hesitated to buy some goods from foreign countries-a policy the radicals derided as the "worship of things foreign." "In our Socialist state," said one article, "the development of production does not rely on profit and material incentives but on the proletarian revolutionary line of Chairman Mao, on proletarian politics, on class struggle." In place of bonuses and wage increases, the radicals offered voluntary days of unpaid work by revolutionary workers...