Word: proletariat
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Then there is Eurocommunism. With varying degrees of emphasis and sincerity, the Communist parties of Italy, France and Spain have denounced the dictatorship of the proletariat and the Soviet Union as the only true model of Marxism, and have sworn their willingness to co-exist with bourgeois freedoms in pluralistic societies. Skepticism about the depth of these commitments, which could readily be overturned by future leaders less moderate than Spain's Santiago Carrillo or Italy's Enrico Berlinguer, is warranted. Meanwhile, Moscow tries to cope with the reality of three heretical parties that, alas, simply cannot be excommunicated...
Thus, in its different ways, constructivism aspired to become the last universal style. Its victory would bring the history of art to an end and accomplish the millennium. The constructivist vision was art's analogue to the reigning fantasy of Marxism: the dictatorship of the proletariat. Its ideal order would wipe out nostalgia for older styles and set up a "permanent revolution" of design. Alas for the designers, this did not happen. Most of the triumphs of constructivism survived in the fictional space of painting or sculpture, theater or typography. As soon as ideal form moved into the real...
...Spanish Communist leader goes much further: he flatly rejects the Soviet Union as a model for Western European Communism, calling instead for a socialist but democratic Western Europe that is dominated by neither the Soviet Union nor the U.S. He examines the concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat and finds it undemocratic. In short, he gives the Soviets plenty to get angry about...
...certain skepticism about the sincerity of declarations of independence which coincide so precisely with electoral self-interest. One need not be a cynic to wonder at the decision of the French Communists, traditionally perhaps the most Stalinist party in Europe, to renounce the Soviet concept of dictatorship of the proletariat without a single dissenting vote among 1,700 delegates, as they did at their party congress in February 1976, when all previous party congresses had endorsed the same dictatorship of the proletariat by a similar unanimous vote of 1,700 to nothing...
...constitution contains a section defining Soviet foreign policy, which it says is in favor of peace and "broad international cooperation." The constitution also proclaims that a "fully developed socialist society has been built in the U.S.S.R.," the nation having graduated from the earlier "dictatorship of the proletariat...