Word: proletariat
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...Communists have deliberately tried to make themselves appealing to a wider spectrum of voters. The Italian and French parties have explicitly disavowed the old Marxian dogma of a dictatorship of the proletariat as well as the need for violent revolution. Instead, they claim to be committed to such democratic principles as political pluralism and freedom of speech and religion. Italian Party Boss Enrico Berlinguer-perhaps Western Europe's most articulate advocate of "socialism with a human face"-has often proclaimed his commitment to "a pluralistic and democratic system." He most recently and dramatically reaffirmed this in Moscow...
...China's "right deviationists." The key charge against him is that he falsified Mao's instructions. Under Chou and Teng, party propaganda-duly citing Mao-emphasized three main goals for the country: 1) studying the Chairman's teachings about the dictatorship of the proletariat, 2) promoting national unity, and 3) boosting production...
...posters and recent editorials in China's leading papers insist that Mao never gave equal importance to the three objectives. His crucial message concerned the dictatorship of the proletariat, meaning that workers must continue to wage "class struggle" against the remnants of the bourgeoisie. A new Mao quote on this subject appeared last week in a front page editorial of the People's Daily. "What?" it asked incredulously. "Taking the three directives as the key link? Stability and unity do not mean writing off class struggle. Class struggle is the key link and everything else hinges...
...years-an attack on the large group of bureaucrats, Teng chief among them, who had been restored to power since their disgrace during the Cultural Revolution. "Before it is too late," urged the editorial, "go and tear down their masks, arrest the black hands that have attacked the proletariat, and seize hold of the tails of these foxes who push for the restoration of capitalism...
This is landscape as seen by those who cannot escape, who must work on it. Such people were not rococo milkmaids. They were the rural lumpen proletariat, the rooted, shapeless mass brutalized by the agrarian disasters of the '40s and '50s. Millet was the first artist to make peasants a subject instead of an accessory. His paintings are an encyclopedia of work: digging, hoeing, planting potatoes, spreading manure...