Word: proof
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...interest in fostering economic and ethnic diversity, Harvard subverts its purportedly meritocratic admissions process by lowering its standards substantially for these two groups. We have long claimed that athletes and legacies received much more than "tiebreaking tips." But until a Department of Education probe last winter, we had no proof. Now, although Dean of Admissions William R. Fitzsimmons '67 still denies it, the statistics have borne us out. So have comments admissions officers scribbled on the folders of admitted athletes--"weak candidate, but a heck of a hockey player..."--and legacies--"Without lineage, there would be little case. With...
Women who do press charges face a heavy burden of proof. The National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape in Berkeley reports that though 20 states have completely eliminated preferential treatment for husbands, 26 other states hover in a gray zone: without gross brutality, the husband has the benefit of the doubt. If prosecutors decide they have enough for a case, ( however, they usually win; between 1978 and 1985, only 118 cases of spousal rape went to trial, but 104 wound up with a conviction...
...central issue is who should bear the "burden of proof" when a worker complains that a company discriminates in its hiring and promotions. Until two years ago, it was up to the employer to show the "business necessity" of practices that have a "disparate impact" on minorities. Under that standard, plaintiffs were not required to prove that an employer had deliberately set out to be unfair to minorities; statistics showing that qualified minorities were underrepresented in a company's work force or had been consistently denied promotions were enough to make the case...
...personal phone records. Two detectives contacted me, posing as a friend and a relative of a so-called cult victim, to elicit negative statements from me about Scientology. Some of my conversations with them were taped, transcribed and presented by the church in affidavits to TIME's lawyers as "proof" of my bias against Scientology...
There are numerous skeptics, including female religious thinkers. Carole Fontaine of Andover Newton Theological School, for one, complains that feminist writers delete historical evidence that is "embarrassing or contradictory." Carol Meyers of Duke University argues that there is no proof that the figurines cited by Gimbutas were objects of worship, much less representations of a single Goddess. None of that, however, has deterred adherents. Whether they are reviving a vanished faith or inventing a new one, it is the gender of the deity that counts...