Word: proteins
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...months ago in Natick, Mass, a countryman named Vito Geneva was stung by a bee. He felt no serious effects at the time, but in his body there occurred an obscure, powerful response called anaphylaxis. This unusual condition is the opposite of immunity. A minute dose of a foreign protein makes the victim vastly more susceptible thereafter to further small injections of the same substance. Thenceforth to Vito Geneva a bee was as dangerous as a cobra...
...drops of hemoglobin, blood's red coloring matter, being separated from the blood serum. In the Svedberg centrifuge this takes about six hours. By gravity sedimentation alone it would require 180 years. Du Pont expects the apparatus to shed light on the sizes and weights of the "giant" protein molecules in rubber, wool, silk, cellulose, hundreds of plastics...
...three years Biochemist William Gumming Rose and his associates at University of Illinois have fed artificially-made food to white rats. Of the ingredients in natural food only the proteins furnish nitrogen available for tissue building. Chemists have broken down the proteins into more than 20 simpler compounds called amino acids. Dr. Rose accordingly prepared and purified all the amino acids he knew of, fed them to baby rats together with synthetic carbohydrates, fats, salts and vitamins. Something was lacking. The animals failed to grow, wasted away, died. Then Dr. Rose succeeded in isolating another protein component: alpha -amino -beta...
Describing these experiments last week, Dr. Rose said that eight other amino acids have been found essential to life, seven others nonessential. Work on the value of the remaining protein components continues...
...custom to call "organic" any compound, however formed, that contains carbon, since carbon is a notable component of plants and animals. Lately Rockefeller Institute researchers have isolated in the form of crystals a virus which causes a plant disease called tobacco mosaic. The virus seems to consist of a protein molecule with a molecular weight of several million units. In most respects it is not alive; the crystal structure, for example, is typical of inanimate materials such as metal. But when it makes contact with plant tissue, the molecules at once acquire the ability to reproduce themselves-a prime prerequisite...