Word: proteins
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Little Riddle. At last week's Boston meeting, Tulane University's Dr. Robert G. Heath reviewed 19 years of research on another possible biochemical agent in schizophrenia-a brain protein he calls taraxein. When extracted from human plasma and injected into monkeys, it plummets the animals into a confused, schizophrenia-like condition. The same temporary effects can be induced in human volunteers subjected to taraxein injections...
...Samuel Bogoch of Boston's Foundation for Research on the Nervous System taught pigeons to peck a particular button to get a kernel of corn from a machine. He found that the chemical brain reaction was not only the creation of new brain protein, but protein-sugar combinations (mucoids) as well. Until three years ago, said Dr. Bogoch, only 20% of the brain's proteins had been identified. This has now been raised to 60%, and those known are divided into 16 groups. Two of these groups show a marked, though brief, increase when a pigeon learns...
...Nonsense Protein? Increasingly, researchers at the conference tended to make a sharp distinction between long-and short-term memory-in other words, the difference between a man's ability to remember a poem learned in grammar school and his inability, for the life of him, to remember the name of the fellow he met at lunch yesterday. Sweden's Dr. Hydén felt that the creation of protein (as in pigeons, rats and goldfish) is essential to man's formation of long-term memories. Human brain cells, said Hydén, seldom divide and replace themselves...
...brain's RNA and protein production are originally determined by deoxyribonucleic acid (the DNA of Biochemist James Watson's bestselling The Double Helix) that is established in the embryo by the sex cells at the time of conception. There is evidence, said Hydén, that the DNA in an old animal differs from that in a young one-and the same is true, presumably, in man. Here, Hydén opened the door a chink for a glimpse into an admittedly farout future. If a reasonably pure extract of brain DNA is injected into some animals...
TOMORROW'S WORLD: FEEDING THE BILLIONS (NBC, 10-11 p.m.). A land-clearing project in the Amazon jungles, an Idaho fish farm, and large-scale production of protein-rich algae in California are some of the experiments under way to expand the world's food supply...