Word: proteins
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Kasperak rallied through most of the week. But then he suffered a serious setback. Because of his poor liver function, an excess of bilirubin (a by-product of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in blood) began to build up in his system, and doctors scheduled another massive transfusion to remove impurities from his blood. Through it all, the one organ that consistently worked best was his acquired heart...
...harsh, half-forgotten tradition of the Old West, refused to be awed by the natural disaster. Speaking of the eight deaths on the Navajo Reservation, Presbyterian Missionary Harold Borhauer, 45, said: "I bury more than that at the opening of the pinon season"-the autumn harvest of protein-rich pinon nuts, during which Indians have been known to die of respiratory ailments contracted in the chilly mountains. Adee Dodge, a Navajo painter, added a peculiarly Indian note of resignation: "We publicly thank all the dear gods of this world for having caused such a windfall of moisture, much needed...
...push their own food supply. Meanwhile, laboratories continue to cultivate new ideas. The latest range from weeding row crops with flame throwers and laying asphalt hardpans for instant upland rice paddies all the way to the science-fiction realm. One scheme being seriously examined in pilot plants involves making protein food from...
...with Impurities. Taking natural DNA from a simple virus called Phi X 174 (which consists only of a DNA molecule surrounded by a protein sheath), they added it to the brew as a template, or blueprint, to guide the assembly of the synthetic molecule. Under the influence of the DNA polymerase enzyme, the four basic nucleotides aligned themselves in codelike combinations alongside the natural DNA molecule. Eventually they formed a strand consisting of about 6,000 nucleotide units that was a mirror image of the corresponding strand in the natural molecule. Then, using their mirror-image molecule as a template...
Sinsheimer placed the synthetic DNA molecules into laboratory dishes filled with Phi X's natural victim, E. coli bacteria, which are common intestinal microbes. Invading the E. coli cells, the DNA molecules directed them to produce hundreds of Phi X viruses, each complete with its protein coat. Eventually the invaded cells ruptured under their burden of viruses, killing the bacteria and releasing the viruses to infect other cells. The progeny of the synthetic DNA molecules were not only biologically active but could not be distinguished from natural Phi X viruses...