Word: proteins
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Until recently all rabies vaccine was made much as Pasteur made it: by injecting the virus into the brains of rabbits. The vaccine that was later extracted contained rabbit-brain protein, and it was likely to set up painful local reactions. In some cases it caused paralysis or death. In 1957, Eli Lilly & Co. began marketing a vaccine made in fertilized duck eggs. Only the occasional person who is allergic to eggs will get a bad reaction from it. For dogs, a preventive vaccine made from live, though weakened, virus has proved effective. But it has been considered too risky...
...Rest for Some. Treatments are as varied as the forms of disease. In glomerulonephritis, a low-protein, low-salt diet, sometimes with sweet syrups and fat emulsions added, is often recommended. So is bed rest. Cortisone-type hormones do little good. Penicillin is no cure, but may be used to prevent recurrences in susceptible patients. Nephrotic syndrome patients, by contrast, usually get considerable benefit from cortisone; they, too, frequently need a low-salt diet-but with plenty of protein. And for them, bed rest is less important...
...certain which of them are the most important in causing atherosclerosis. But cholesterol has received the widest publicity, largely because it is the easiest to measure and thus be comes a handy guide to arterial and coronary health. Among peasants in India, starved of protein and of fat, a cholesterol level of 125 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood is common. It is about the same for fish-and-rice-eating Japanese. Among Americans living high off the hog, it hits 250 before a doctor begins to worry. And among men with coronary-artery disease...
From octopus blood he extracted hemocyanin, a protein that picks up copper because its molecule has a structure that a copper ion fits into neatly, like a key into a lock. But proteins are hard to handle and almost impossible to synthesize, so Bayer looked for simpler compounds that would do the same job. After many tries, he put together a black granular material that picks up copper and uranium only. When this "chelating agent" worked well in the laboratory with simulated sea water, Bayer took it to Naples, put it in a glass column and ran 100 liters...
Businessmen call it "the Peruvian miracle," and by all odds it is one of Latin America's brightest success stories. In 1950, imaginative Peruvian entrepreneurs started netting the immense schools of anchovy in coastal waters and processing the small silvery fish into fish meal, a high-protein poultry and livestock food. So rich was the harvest and so great the demand that plants went up all along the coast. Today, fish meal is the country's biggest industry, and Peru has risen from nowhere to No. 2 rank (behind Japan) among fishing nations...