Word: proteins
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...inherited metabolic disorder, phenylketonuria or PKU, which causes severe mental retardation. (At least 5,000 of the 5.5 million mentally retarded in the U.S. are PKU victims.) Because of a defective gene inherited from both parents, a PKU baby cannot make use of phenylalanine, which is found in most protein foods, and the poison that accumulates in his system as a result permanently damages the brain. But if PKU is detected early enough, a special diet will avert nearly all the damage. The difficulty lies in early detection. In the laboratory, the blood spots on the filter paper will reveal...
...POWDERED MILK FORMULAS are nourishing and simple enough to concoct:one cup of powder, one quart of water, and the bottles are ready. But through misguided generosity, mothers sometimes mix a thick formula that is far too concentrated. Instead of more nourishment, the infant gets an indigestible lump of protein in his stomach and may suffer nausea and diarrhea. The lumps have long baffled doctors; they have even been mistaken for kidney tumors, and hasty operations have been performed on the overfed patients. Doctors have now learned to identify the lumps by X ray, and a pair of Louisville physicians...
...more efficient and more economical test for TB infection than any previously available. Developed by New York's Lederle Laboratories, the "tine test" uses no awesome and sometimes painful needle but a disposable gadget with four tiny prongs in its business end. The tines are coated with protein from dead TB bacilli. If the punctured area becomes inflamed within two or three days, it shows that there has been TB infection. X rays are then taken to show whether the disease is active...
...human being to another will become a daily routine instead of the headline-heralded event that it is today. They are equally diverse in their views as to how surgery will eventually overcome the fact that all animals, and especially man, are designed to resist any invasion of foreign protein from any creature except an identical twin. (The major exception is the cornea, which has no blood supply. Paradoxically, blood transfusion itself is a transplant, but it tides the patient over, despite eventual rejection of white cells...
Then, in 1953, Britain's Peter Brian Medawar pinpointed the "rejection phenomenon." It is, he proved, a display of the same immune mechanism that enables a healthy body to beat down a virus infection by developing antibody against the foreign protein. Against a second invasion, the body reacts faster. It is the same with grafts: the first may be rejected slowly, but a second one from the same donor is turned down more quickly...