Word: proteins
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...eggs and prunes, the U.S. has progressed to curds, concentrates and capsules. Each year, reports the American Medical Association, ten million Americans spend $900 million on vitamins, tonics and other food supplements. At juice bars in Los Angeles' 35 "health" stores, a new sensation is a pink, high-protein cocktail, concocted of dried eggs, powdered milk and cherry-flavored No-Cal, which sells for 59? per 8-oz. glass. Grocery stores sell dozens of foods that boast of having almost no food value...
...necessary to sustain life. The deficiency diseases-scurvy, tropical sprue, pellagra -run rampant. In West Africa, for example, where meat is a luxury and babies must be weaned early to make room at the breast for later arrivals, a childhood menace is kwashiorkor, or "red Johnny," a growth-stunting protein deficiency (signs: reddish hair, bloated belly) that kills more than half its victims, leaves the rest prey for parasites and lingering tropical disease...
...amphetamines (Benzedrine, Dexedrine) as dangerous "crutches for a weak will." Keys has no such objections to Metrecal, Quaker Oats's Quota and other 900-calorie milk formulas that are currently winning favor from dieters. "Metrecal is a pretty complete food," he says. "It contains large amounts of protein, vitamins and minerals. In the quantity of 900 calories a day, anyone will lose weight on it-20, 30 or 40 Ibs." But Keys worries that the Metrecal drinker will never make either the psychological or physiological adjustment to the idea of eating smaller portions of food...
...chief ingredient in gallstones. They suspect it plays a role in the production of adrenal hormones, and they believe it is essential to the transport of fats throughout the circulatory system. But they cannot fully explain the process of its manufacture by the human liver. Although the fatty protein molecules, carried in the blood and partly composed of cholesterol, are water soluble, cholesterol itself is insoluble, and cannot be destroyed by the body. "A remarkable substance," says Dr. Keys, "quite apart from its tendency to be deposited in the walls of arteries...
...special way, the difficulties stagger imagination. So the attack on the molecules of life is mounted in other, more indirect ways. One approach is through genetics: learning about the chemistry of reproduction of small and comparatively simple organisms like molds. Another approach is through X-ray studies of proteins, with the X rays scattering in patterns and giving clues about protein structure. Using this technique, Cambridge's Dr. John Kendrew recently located a large part of the 2,500 coiled-up atoms in myoglobin, a rather simple protein. The size of the entire problem is suggested by the fact that...