Word: proteins
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...life begin on the primordial earth? Scientists looking for clues within the living cell have been stymied by a catch-22. All living organisms are composed largely of proteins, which consist of strings of amino acids manufactured within cells in small granules called ribosomes. But ribosomes are themselves highly complex protein structures that obviously evolved long after protein first appeared. Then how, without the complex ribosome "factories," was primitive protein produced? Last week, in a report published in the journal Origin of Life, a team of molecular biologists suggested an answer. If the hypothesis is correct, says...
...structure of life's master molecule, DNA. His co-workers were Sydney Brenner, who discovered the "start" and "stop" signals in the genetic code; Aaron Klug, who first determined the crystalline structure of transfer RNA (tRNA), the molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome for assembly into protein; and George Pieczenik, 32, a biochemist now at Rutgers University in New Brunswick...
Another promising prospect was discovered by U.S. Agriculture Department scientists: a supersweet calorie-less substance (a thousand times sweeter than sugar) made from an extract of grapefruit rinds. At the University of Pennsylvania, researchers have isolated powerful protein sweeteners from tropical berries. Yet until such substances are tested, approved and come to market, Americans will have to accommodate to a new reality: that life may quite literally no longer be as sweet...
Schwarzenegger, of course, thinks bodybuilding is " the greatest sport in the world" and the participants deserve credit for their efforts. Their daily regimen involves complete devotion to excruciatingly painful workouts and strict high-protein diets--some bodybuilders eat 40 egg-whites a day. Builders are judged on their size, shape and body symmetry. But despite Mike Marvel's claims, they are deforming their body with no other end in sight besides posing. The film never explores the real reason for this distorted vanity, preferring to just glorify...
Although the discovery did uproot the belief that each gene was involved in the production of only a single protein, it is an infrequent enough phenomenon not to require any fundamental re-evaluation of current research, Meselson said...