Word: proteins
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...stems from genetics. There's a particular protein that's made in people with Alzheimer's - which is made from a protein that all of us make, the amyloid precursor protein. [In people with Alzheimer's] that precursor protein is clipped by enzymes in the wrong place, and begins to form these little toxic parts that aggregate [in the brain] and eventually form fibrils and plaques that are the main pathologic feature of Alzheimer's disease. It's not clear why this happens exactly, and a lot of people have been studying it pretty hard. It's also not clear...
...breaking down in normal memory loss. "In humans, monkeys and rats," he says, "normal aging targets a node called the dentate gyrus, while a different node--the entorhinal cortex--is relatively spared. But in Alzheimer's disease, it's almost exactly reversed." Small has gone deeper, pinpointing a protein molecule known as RbAp48 that is lower in the brains of people suffering ordinary age-related memory loss. He and his colleagues are now testing the effect of that molecule in a knockout mouse--one engineered not to express RbAp48. They are also looking at interventions that might amplify the molecule...
Cerebral blood volume is not the only thing responsible for this brain-boosting. Also at work is the fact that exercise increases what's known as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that stimulates the birth of new brain cells and then helps them differentiate and connect. BDNF also enhances neural plasticity, the process by which the brain changes in response to learning. In diseases like Alzheimer's, depression, Parkinson's and dementia, BDNF levels are low. In people who exercise, BDNF levels rise...
...researchers started to work on the bone, and last year, they were able to publish a small set of sequences from the collagen protein...
...especially for a global population that the U.S. Census Bureau estimates to reach 9.3 billion persons by 2050. If the level of affluence and food security is to be maintained, then a new strategy to supply the world’s population with low-cost high-quality protein needs to be proposed.While in vitro meat production may very well be the hope of this century’s Green Revolution, it should not be construed as a solution to the ethical question of whether or not people should raise and slaughter animals. Even though PETA’s prize...