Word: proteins
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...gene, the ob, or obese, gene. Sure enough, late last year, after eight years of effort, Friedman and his colleagues pinpointed the ob gene in both average-weight and obese mice. They then inserted the normal gene into bacterial cells, providing at long last detectable quantities of the protein they called leptin...
...such surprises are likely to be in store for Dole. The tumor that was removed four years ago, along with the majority leader's prostate, was small and had not spread. Every six months since then Dole has undergone a highly sensitive test for a protein called prostate-specific antigen, or PSA. This substance can act like an early-warning device, alerting physicians to the presence or recurrence of the cancer...
...most thoroughly studied of all fruit-fly genes. It is called the "white" gene because, among many effects, it influences eye color, and a particular mutation in the gene causes a fly's normally red eyes to be white. The gene's specific job is to produce a protein that enables cells to utilize an essential amino acid called tryptophan. If fruit flies are unable to process tryptophan properly, then they cannot manufacture red eye pigment...
PAUL JERNBERG, A 71-YEAR-OLD mortgage banker from Chicago, walked into his doctor's office a healthy, happy man. A short while later, he left with a sense of dread. Although Jernberg felt fine, a sophisticated protein test indicated that he might have prostate cancer. A subsequent biopsy was inconclusive, but a second one disclosed that he indeed had the beginnings of a tumor. "Of course, we'll operate next week," the physician told him. Not so fast, Jernberg thought. He feared the possible side effects of prostate surgery, including incontinence and even impotence. After consulting another doctor...
...chemical residues of metabolism that do increasing damage to DNA as the years roll by. Researchers are also looking at apolipoprotein E, a substance that ferries cholesterol to and from cells. People vulnerable to Alzheimer's and heart disease tend to have a certain type of gene for this protein, while those who live longest tend to have another type...