Word: proteins
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...formidable enough opponent, mainly because researchers still don't understand the method to its madness. Like all viruses, HIV is simply a strand of genetic material (in this case the nucleic acid RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. A virus lacks the tools to reproduce unless it invades a living cell and takes over the host's molecular machinery. The intruder can then produce many copies of itself, eventually killing the cell. One of HIV's favorite targets is the CD4 T-cell, an important player in the human immune system...
Neutralizing HIV is especially tough because its coat is laced with sugar molecules that shield it from the human immune system. Some viruses, such as the one that causes polio, have no sugar in their protein coat. Others, like flu viruses, have only a little. It is no coincidence that the most effective vaccines have been made to fight these kinds of viruses. Never before have scientists tried to devise a vaccine against a pathogen as well protected...
...meantime, Dr. Robert Redfield of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Washington and his colleagues are trying to develop a vaccine that helps people who are already infected. By injecting a slightly modified form of the virus' protein coat, the Army researchers hope to kick-start the patients' immune systems into mounting an effective counterattack. Redfield thinks that his version of the viral coat may share enough characteristics with all the known mutant strains of HIV to overcome the variability problem. Said Redfield, a rare, unabashed optimist at the Amsterdam meeting: "I believe HIV is very simple, very...
Rauffenbart said a Medical School committee had reviewed the case. The Committee recommended the punishment to Dean Daniel C. Tosteson '44, who then notified Rosner is a letter last Friday, Rauffenbart said. The research in question, which asserted that a certain protein was necessary for cell division, was published in the March 1991 issue of Cell...
What is high in protein, low in calories, fat and cholesterol, and the dish of choice in many countries with low rates of heart disease? The answer, as doctors and nutritionists have long maintained is fish. Indeed, experts point out, what little fat there is in some species can actually benefit the consumer; it contains high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, which can lower cholesterol levels in humans...