Word: proteins
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...professor at Columbia, Chalfie and two other scientists took this year’s Nobel for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein found in the crystal jelly—a bioluminescent jellyfish found off the west coast of the United States. The protein has since become one of the most important tools of molecular biology for cracking open the secret of cell processes...
Roche, however, retains one key advantage: it has already seen its own line of attack succeed. The proof? Roche's first targeted breast-cancer drug, Herceptin. Developed by Genentech, Herceptin was marketed specifically to destroy cancers containing the her-2/neu protein, which doctors can detect using a 21-gene screen diagnostic. Herceptin has helped thousands of women combat breast cancer. But there's no doubt it has also helped Roche's bottom line: at $40,000 a year per patient, Herceptin grew globally in sales nearly 25%, to $4.1 billion, last year. "You need self-confidence to take risks...
...Rising demand contributed to the crisis, experts say. Melamine, which is used to make plastics and is banned from food because it causes kidney stones, was added to boost the apparent protein content of milk that was increasingly scarce and of poor quality. "Demand was outstripping supply so rapidly in the market that [producers] tried every way to increase supply," says Philippe Chan, Asia manager for Canadean, a beverage industry research firm. "That resulted in lots of raw milk not being not stringently controlled...
...cattle feed and government-imposed caps on the price of milk. "The feed price rises, the milk price is low and they lose money," Cheng says. "What do you do? You feed the cattle with low-quality feed. Then the quality of the milk is very bad and the protein content not good enough." Somewhere along the line, melamine was added so the milk would meet the standards of the big dairies...
...prototype right now is devised to test for glucose and protein in urine, which are indicators of kidney failure in diabetes,” Martinez said. “We’re hoping to move into much more specific assays...