Word: proteins
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...scientists and their team crystallized a key protein, known as gp120, found on the membrane of HIV—the virus that causes AIDS. By taking an X-ray image of the crystallized structure, they were able to reveal its shape...
...scientists thought. Animal studies suggest that COX-2 also promotes chemical reactions that churn out prostacyclin, a protein that keeps blood vessels dilated and keeps platelets from clumping together to form blood clots. Doctors believe a drop in prostacyclin may also be behind the increased incidence of heart attacks and strokes in COX-2 users. In separate studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine last week, researchers found that high-dose Celebrex users were three times as likely as nonusers to die from a heart or stroke event, while those taking Vioxx had twice the chance of suffering...
...girlfriends would complain about their boyfriend’s newly found calling of protein shakes and the weight room. And which athlete wouldn’t welcome the extra strength that comes from a teammate’s newly sculpted upper body? Still, everyone should be equipped with the understanding that these external changes in appearance and behavior could be indications of something more severe. This insight should further be accompanied with sensitivity to the pressures faced by men: Impressionable thirteen-year-old girls are not the only victims of airbrushed models glossing over the cover of Vanity Fair. Indeed...
Similarly, Harren Jhoti left pharmaceutical giant Glaxo Wellcome (now GSK) in 1999 when he realized that his unconventional idea of how to find new drugs to attack disease-causing proteins might never be realized unless he pursued it himself. He founded Astex, based in Cambridge, England, so he could develop his own flexible approach to molecular research. He calls it "fragment based," because rather than throwing an entire proposed drug molecule at the target protein, he throws just pieces at a time...
Jhoti and four of his scientists hit the pub when they had their eureka moment. In October 2002 their advanced X-ray and crystal technique revealed that a chemical was binding to a protein that is a possible cause of Alzheimer's disease. The chemical was a fragment of what could eventually become an Alzheimer's-conquering drug. "I first thought the team had played a trick on me," says Jhoti. Drug giant AstraZeneca, which had been searching for such a chemical for years, enlisted Astex's help. In 2003 the company signed a contract to pay Astex $40 million...