Word: protocole
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Anderson says he finds one of the most fascinating aspects of the project to be its social and political importance. The international protocol developed after the discovery of the ozone hole has provided a paradigm for all future scientific studies, he says...
Prime Minister Paul Keating started it, that's for sure. First he violated protocol by putting his arm on Queen Elizabeth's back during her visit to Australia last week. Then he hinted that the country might become a republic, which would end the Queen's role as head of state...
Soon after the ozone hole over Antarctica was confirmed in 1985, many of the world's governments reached an unusually rapid consensus that action had to be taken. In 1987 they crafted the landmark Montreal Protocol, which called for a 50% reduction in CFC production by 1999. Three years later, as signs of ozone loss mounted, international delegates met again in London and agreed to a total phaseout of CFCs by the year 2000. That much time was considered necessary to give CFC manufacturers a chance to develop substitute chemicals that do not wipe out ozone...
...destruction of the environment caused by the West." And then there is the cost of changing technologies. "India recognizes the threat to the environment and the necessity for a global burden sharing to control it," says Maneka Gandhi, former Minister of the Environment, who represented India at the Montreal Protocol negotiations. "But is it fair that the industrialized countries who are responsible for the ozone depletion should arm-twist the poorer nations into bearing the cost of their mistakes...
Both India and China refused to sign the original Montreal Protocol, but they were placated by the creation in 1990 of a special $240 million fund, financed by the developed countries, to help developing nations switch to CFC- free technologies. China signed the revised protocol last year, and India now expects to follow suit. The U.S. initially balked at the idea of ozone- linked foreign aid but agreed to put up 25% of the money after language was added to the agreement stipulating that American willingness to help countries pay for CFC phaseouts would not be taken as a precedent...