Word: protogospel
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...Apocryphal Protogospel of James says the angel Gabriel first spoke to Miriam by the well. The suggestion that Jesus' childhood may have been dogged by the accusation of bastardy is perhaps implicit in his townspeople's question in Mark 6, "Isn't this Mary's son?" To be called one's mother's son, as opposed to one's father's, was often an implication of bastardy, or at least a sign that one's paternity was unknown, whether divine or not. Early opponents likewise suggested that Miriam had conceived Jesus with a Roman soldier, Panthera. His childhood may well...
That last invention is built on a claim in the Protogospel of James that Jesus was born in a cave in Bethlehem, and on a hint from the apostle Paul, who mentions that the risen Jesus appeared "to the Twelve," not the Eleven. None of the canonical Gospels, however, follow Paul's lead; yet the variety of their Resurrection stories is both convincing and unnerving. Most of them have a grainy credibility; at least one (Matthew's) seems generic and manufactured. Paul's account, in I Corinthians 15, was written some 25 years after Jesus' death and precedes Mark...
...gospel had been the source for the evangelists' texts in Greek. Theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher suggested the existence of a lost collection of Jesus' sayings that he called the Logia. In the mid-19th century, Heidelberg's Heinrich Holtzmann synthesized the two ideas, proposing that both a protoGospel and an early, now lost collection of Jesus' sayings lay behind the Synoptic Gospels. The Holtzmann theory was crystallized in 1924 by Britain's B.H. Streeter-with an important modification. The protoGospel, said Streeter, was in fact the Gospel of Mark, or a document virtually identical...
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