Word: proton
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...autumn (TIME, Nov. 20). But they used the same magneto-optic method by which Professor Allison predicted deuterium, and among scientists the worth of this procedure is debatable. In England Lord Rutherford (who calls deuterium diplogen and its nucleus the diplon) bounced deutons against deutons. Each collision produced a proton and something new of atomic weight 3. But cautious Lord Rutherford would not say whether the new product was an unexpected isotope of helium or the expected third isotope of hydrogen. To the chemists in St. Petersburg last week Dr. Ferdinand Graft Brickwedde of the U. S. Bureau of Standards...
...recent, rapid discoveries of particles in the atom have sent physicists back to their Greek dictionaries. Hydrogen No.1 (most common) is beginning to be called protium, Hydrogen No. 2 deuterium. Hydrogen No. 3 will therefore have to be tritium. Protium's nucleus is the proton, deuterium's the denton, and tritium's (probably) the triton. After them, in Nature's system of elements, comes helium (atomic weight approximately 4). The helium atom's nucleus is the alpha particle which, in the full round of substances, again appears during the disintegration of the heaviest...
...neutron, since Cambridge's Dr. James Chadwick discovered it last year (TIME, March 7, 1932), has been considered an electrically inert combination of proton and electron. Two pictures of the combination have developed: 1) the heavy proton and the light electron bound together much like a dumbbell; 2) the electron hugging the proton like an onion peel. Such combinations should knock protons in certain definite directions. With a camera he invented, Yale's Franz N. D. Kurie showed that the behavior of protons recoiling from neutrons did not follow the calculated patterns. Only deduction tenable was that...
When a smallest thing is discovered it must be observed more than once to be believed. In February, Cambridge University's Dr. James Chadwick proclaimed the existence of the neutron, new smallest thing (TIME, March 7). With the proton (positive electricity), electron (negative electricity) and photon (light particle), this made four smallest things. But the neutron is elusive, hard to find. It contains no detectable electric charge. It leaves no marks in the form of ionized or electrified particles when it passes through a gas. Having no charge, it is not repelled by charged atoms. Hence...
...those who have been bombarding atoms with alpha particles are Mme Curie's daughter, Irene Curie-Joliot, her husband F. Joliot, Dr. Chadwick and Professor Walter Bothe of Giessen, Germany. Professor Bothe, bombarding beryllium, decided he was creating an artificial super-gamma ray. Dr. Chadwick decided that a proton and an electron knocked loose by alpha particles might combine, without any electrical charge at all, in one unit to make a neutron. This self-contained unit might be the ultimate unit of magnetism, having within itself opposite poles...