Word: proton
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...Jeffreys Moseley found that each atomic number corresponded to the number of negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus. Element No. 1, hydrogen, has one such electron; No. 2, helium, has two; lithium, No. 3, three. . . . For each negative electron the nucleus of an atom must contain a positively charged proton. And, except in hydrogen, all nuclei were found to contain more protons than were electrons around them. The additional necessary electrons were found in the nucleus. Lithium, with three electrons outside the nucleus, must have a nucleus with a positive charge of three, and this positive charge may be made...
Scientists Urey, Murphy and Brick-wedde hoped eventually to get H² in a pure form. Having two protons and one electron in its nucleus, it is twice as heavy as the previously known hydrogen, whose nucleus has one proton. The discoverers thought H² would be of no commercial use. It would give water different spectral color, new physical properties, but would not affect the taste. But since its nucleus is the simplest yet found consisting of more than one particle it would be a great aid in the study of nuclei, might add to data on the cosmic ray which...
Last week, two days before Dr. Michelson died, Dr. Millikan and Sir James joined in a comparative exposition at California Institute of Technology. Sir James's rebuttal to Dr. Millikan's synthesis argument was that as each proton pops away from the core of an exploding atom it generates a cosmic ray. Dr. Millikan agreed that this reasoning might be correct. Nonetheless, he held tenaciously to his own hypothesis...
...Jesse W. M. du Mond and Harry Kirkpatrick- reported the perfection of another device, to measure the speed of electrons moving within atoms. A serviceable description of the structure of an atom is this: At its core are, according to the particular kind of atom, 1 to 238 protons (positive charges of electricity). The hydrogen atom (simplest) has one proton at its nucleus. Helium (next simplest) has four nuclear protons. But two are herded into inaction by two nuclear electrons. This leaves two positive sports on the helium nucleus. They in turn are kept from rampage by two more orbital...
...could duplicate on earth the 40.000.000° C. at which the sun's centre boils, he might do what he wished with electrons and protons. At that temperature matter's subunits dance around each other and coalesce as atoms; atoms break up into their electron and proton elements; and every explosion, every coalescence scatters atomic energy. Professor Compton cannot duplicate solar heat, but with a mighty X-ray tube, he calculates, he can drive particles of matter at speeds so nearly solar that new atoms will result. His tool will be a 10,000-volt tube, five times...