Word: proton
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Then, in quick succession two more particles were found, the neutron and the positron. Moreover, two particles whose existence has never been experimentally demonstrated cropped up in the lucubrations of theorists: the negative proton and the neutrino. Some of these little entities were charged with positive electricity, some with negative; some were electrically neutral or inert. Some were "heavy" or massive in relation to others-the ratio being about that of a ton to a pound. The physicists wound up. for the time being, with a nicely balanced table of discovered and hypothetical basic particles of matter, as follows...
...Heavy Proton (Negative proton) Neutron...
...Plus Minns Neutral Heavy Proton (Negative proton) Neutron Intermediate Positive barytron Negative barytron (Neutretto) Light Positron Electron (Neutrino...
Professor Fermi found them by bombarding uranium with a stream of neutrons (tiny particles which weigh about the same as a proton or hydrogen nucleus but have no electric charge). His bombarding neutrons slipped into the hearts of the uranium atoms, forming an unstable new element, ckarhcuium-No. 93. Similarly, in 1936, Dr. Fermi created a few atoms of ckaosmium-No. 94. Some of his other discoveries about neutrons: Having no electric charge, neutrons are not affected by the negative electric field outside an atom or by the positive charge on its nucleus. The only thing that stops them...
...clear their research shelves toward the close of an academic year. At the American Physical Society's convention in Washington last week the X-particle, newest and queerest of physics' collection of atomic particles, which weighs much more than an electron but much less than a proton (TIME, Nov. 29). came in for a good deal of housewifely attention...