Word: proton
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...radically new in design. Its magnet will be a massive hollow ring with a vacuum chamber inside it. Driven by subtly timed electrical pushes, atomic particles will circle faster & faster around the chamber until their speed comes close to the speed of light. Berkeley scientists calculate that when a proton has circled around the chamber something over a million times, it will have six billion electron volts of energy...
...Binding Force. Before World War II, Germany's Werner Heisenberg theorized mathematically that the protons and neutrons in a nucleus might bat electric charges rapidly back & forth among themselves. While a particle had possession of a charge, it would be a proton. When it lost the charge, it would become a neutron. Heisenberg reasoned that such "charge exchange" might explain the binding force, but he couldn't prove...
Last week Nobelman Lawrence announced that California scientists had found evidence at last. When their highspeed neutrons hit the wall of an ionization chamber, protons bounced back. These were the neutrons themselves, said Lawrence, turned into protons. When a neutron came close to a proton, the proton's electric charge oscillated rapidly between the two. When the neutron passed on, it sometimes carried the charge with it, and was thus a proton...
Theoretical consequences might be enormous. The hydrogen atom, with its single proton and single electron, is the simplest atomic structure. It is therefore the starting point for investigation of the fundamental mysteries of matter. The atoms of other elements are more complicated, but presumably their constituent particles follow the same basic laws...
...human proton-buster's problem: how to make a machine that approaches the power of a cosmic ray bullet. The most powerful machine in existence (General Electric's betatron) develops 100 million electron volts. Physicists now aim at one billion volts. The big news at Berkeley: they are getting warm...