Word: proton
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Stranger still, as other scientists have deduced, the quarks would be from ten to 20 times as massive as the proton, one of the heaviest of the subatomic particles. But the proton, according...
Gell-Mann's theory, would consist of three quarks. Then why does it contain only a fraction of the mass of the quarks? The answer, physicists believe, is that most of the mass of the three quarks in a proton is relativistically converted into the tremendous energy that binds them together...
This strong attraction of one quark for another has actually hindered the great quark hunt. To split a proton into its constituent quarks, for example, would require an atom smasher at least 30 times more powerful than any yet built by man. But scientists believe that the celestial processes generating cosmic rays are energetic enough to produce free quarks...
Atoms in Oysters. One group of European scientists used a unique, electronically assisted telescope to search for quarks among cosmic-ray particles that strike the earth. The Russians report that a quark-hunting cosmic-ray experiment was carried aboard their Proton 3 satellite. Neither venture was successful. Other scientists have suggested the use of radio telescopes for discovering evidence of quarks produced in highly energetic radio galaxies and starlike quasars...
Sound & Fury. Using 700-ton magnets, Harvard's cyclotron fires a proton beam with the force of 160 million electron volts. But after leaving the cyclotron, the protons travel a precise and predictable distance before they release their power. Careful positioning of the patient allows the beam to pierce the skin with little damage before releasing all its energy and destroying a specific target deep inside the body-such as the pituitary gland, perhaps, or a brain tumor...