Word: proton
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...they calculated, its tremendous energy would accomplish what no man-made atom smasher can do: split that particle into its constituent quarks. A particle with an energy of 200 billion electron volts, for example, might be enough to pry apart the three tightly bound quarks that theoretically constitute a proton. But a machine that can supply such energy will not be available until the AEC completes its giant accelerator at Weston...
...where physicists and medical men will keep a constant vigil. In addition, Pioneer, Vela and other patrolling satellites will report any changes in solar radiation. Should SPAN report a suspicious-looking flare during the Apollo mission at the same time the satellites signal a corresponding increase in high-energy proton radiation, the astronauts in the vulnerable lunar module would be ordered back to the command module forthwith. They should need no more than four hours-well before the deadly mainstream of protons arrives-to dock with the orbiting command module (whose walls provide protection equal to one-fifth...
...operate on older patients' arteries. For trouble in the brain's arteries, researchers at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center have helped to develop a magnetic probe that will swim through the arterial labyrinth and tell the neurologist what he needs to know. At Harvard, surgeons practice knifeless surgery with a proton gun that destroys overactive tissue deep inside the skull. At Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, ophthalmic surgeons turn patients upside down to let gravity help them in repositioning a detached retina...
...relativistic considerations would make it unworkable. World War II halted the project and saved Lawrence from great embarrassment. But the postwar years brought another. Putting his prestige and influence in Washington to work, Lawrence overcame the objections of other scientists and won approval for the construction of a monstrous proton accelerator for converting nonfissionable uranium 238 into fission able plutonium, which could be used in nuclear weapons. This time, after three years and huge expenditures, Lawrence completed the accelerator. But to his chagrin, it produced an effective beam of protons for only two hours, then burned out and never could...
Previous work on the charge structure of the neutron had determined that if a dipole existed, the dipole moment divided by the charge on the proton of the particle must be less than 5 x 10 to the negative 20th centimeter. Ramsey's work through January, 1968, has lowered this limit by a factor of 1000, and still no evidence for the existence of the dipole has been found...