Word: proton
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...months the world's most powerful particle accelerator (or atom smasher) was at Geneva, Switzerland, generating a beam of protons with up to 28 Bev (billion electron-volts) of energy. Last week the energy championship came back to the U.S. At Brookhaven National Lab oratory, Long Island, the new alternating gradient synchroton, which scientists call AGS, was kicked up to full power for the first time, generating a proton beam that stayed steady at 30 Bev and hovered for short periods as high as 31 Bev, accelerating particles at rates only a fraction below the 186,300 miles...
...will be used primarily to explore the intimate nature of matter-a problem that seems to grow more baffling as its outermost fringes are explored. Brookhaven's 30-Bev protons will be shot against other protons, eventually in an 80-in. liquid-hydrogen bubble chamber, the world's largest, which is now being designed. Out of the proton-proton collision will come a weird menagerie of short-lived particles. Many of them will be new to science, and they are almost certain to have properties that no one can imagine today. AGS will reach a long way into...
...world's most powerful atom smasher is in neither the U.S. nor in Russia; it is in Switzerland. In the rolling countryside three miles northwest of Geneva, the European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) has built a great new proton synchrotron designed to produce 25 billion electron volts. Half buried in a hillside, it is a huge doughnut of magnet steel, 656 ft. in outside diameter. Last week British Physicist John B. Adams, chief of CERN's Proton Synchrotron Division, ordered slight corrections in the magnetic field, watched as the protons sped faster and faster around their circular...
...that found the long-sought antiprotons, key particles of the stranger-than-fiction world of antimatter (TIME, Oct. 31, 1955 et seq.). Antiprotons, which the Segre-Chamberlain team identified in a beam of subatomic debris created by Berkeley's 6.2-billion-volt bevatron, have the mass of ordinary protons but carry negative electric charges instead of positive charges. When a proton hits an antiproton, they annihilate each other, both turning into a powerful flash of gamma-ray energy...
Bondi, are backers of the theory of continuous creation, which holds that matter is still being created. The newly created matter is generally believed to appear throughout space in the form of hydrogen atoms (one proton and one electron each), but Gold and Hoyle now think it may first appear as neutrons. Since neutrons are unstable, they break up almost immediately, yielding equal numbers of protons and electrons. This neutron decay releases so much energy that the resulting "cosmological material" has the temperature...