Word: proton
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Since the end of the war, Dr. Alvarez has divided his time between electronics and nuclear physics, scoring a long series of scientific triumphs. He developed the proton linear accelerator, an important atomic tool, and he holds patents in radar and other branches of electronics. A crack weekend golfer, he invented an electronic golf-practice gadget, which uses a photo-electric eye to spy on the motion of the club. One of these he gave to President Eisenhower. He drives an impressive yellow Lincoln convertible, and he does not see why scientists should not be prosperous as well as famous...
Most of these antiprotons were "annihilated" (turned into energy) when they hit an ordinary positive proton. But occasionally, when an antiproton passed close to an ordinary proton, it merely handed over its negative electric charge. The proton, its positive charge neutralized by a negative one, became an ordinary, chargeless neutron. The antiproton, having lost its negative charge and received nothing in return, also became a chargeless particle, but it did not become a normal neutron. Since its basic "anti-ness" was not changed by the loss of its charge, it became an antineutron with a reversed magnetic field...
...anti-proton-atomic twin of the proton but with a negative rather than a positive charge-was once only a well-reasoned theory. Nuclear physicists knew the particle must exist, but not until last year did they lay hands on one, and then they had to create it themselves (TIME...
...positive electrons exist, why not negative protons? Scientists searched for them for years in cosmic rays, but found only a few doubtful cases. They hoped to create them in the laboratory, but no existing cyclotron had enough power. It took the Berkeley Bevatron to create an antiproton out of energy. Like the positron, it, too, appears only paired with an ordinary proton, and destroys itself as soon as it collides with a proton...
...three times an hour when the reactor was in operation, the detecting instruments registered "an event"-two flashes of light of exactly correct intensity and timing. This meant that a single neutrino (out of many billions per second) had hit a proton (out of billions along its path) and turned it into a positron and a neutron. After watching this happen for a total of 1,371 hours and taking elaborate precautions to eliminate false signals, Reines and Cowan announced that they had really detected neutrinos. AEC Commissioner Willard F. Libby congratulated them on their "magnificent accomplishment." Now nuclear physics...