Word: protons
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...these particles-mostly protons and electrons-approach the earth, most are caught in its magnetic field or absorbed by its atmosphere. They cause long-distance communications blackouts and set off vivid displays of northern lights, but they do no harm to humans. The moon, however, has no atmosphere or magnetic field to stop the particles; they reach its surface at velocities great enough for -the heavier protons to penetrate space suits and the thin walls of a Lunar Excursion Module (LEM). Caught on the surface of the moon, astronauts might receive a fatal dose of proton radiation before they could...
...farsighted cameras, radar and infra-red sensors, its crew will be able to make more accurate maps of the continents and ocean currents than now exist, forecast weather and survey crop conditions. The orbiting Air Force technicians will also perform telescopic studies of the planets, and investigate the proton showers and other radiation from the sun. But the most significant work will be for defense. MOL can be used to reconnoiter targets, detect nuclear blasts and spot missile firings. Already the Navy has asked the Air Force to investigate whether MOL can keep track of Russian and Red Chinese submarines...
...atom contains only one proton and one electron, which makes it the lightest element known to science. It is completely colorless, completely odorless. And it is that ultimate simplicity that has earned for hydrogen some of the most sophisticated jobs in modern science. Refrigerated into a liquid state, hydrogen is helping physicists to peer into the heart of the atom, to trace the fleeting histories of the smallest building blocks of matter. Space scientists are depending on it to launch the Apollo spacecraft that will take the first U.S. astronauts to the moon...
...such experiment involves smashing the proton. "In order to look inside the proton," Ramsey said, "more powerful magnets are needed to pull the proton apart." The new accelerators would provide this power...
Last week a panel of scientists selected by the Atomic Energy Commission and the President's Science Advisory Committee urged an ambitious, 18-year program of big-accelerator acquisition. The proposed shopping list: > A $240 million proton accelerator with 200-billion-eIectron-volt energy for Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley...