Word: protons
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Chamberlain, by means of his work at California, proved the existence of the anti-proton, a sub-atomic particle with a charge opposite to a normal proton. Using California's huge particle accelerator, the 39-year-old scientist worked with Segre and developed new methods to prove the existence of the particle...
...particle accelerator was a completely indispensable tool in our research," Chamberlain noted. Only one particle per 30,000 was an anti-proton, however, and the California scientists had to develop a complicated array of bending magnets, magnetic focusing lenses, and detectors to spot the rare particle...
...There is no direct practical application at the present time, however, for anti-matter," Chamberlain pointed out, "but the discovery will help us a great deal in understanding nuclear structure." Although no important discoveries have been made with the anti-proton in the last three years, he felt confident "important discoveries" would be made in the near future...
Water for Fuel. The first step toward creating a controlled fusion reaction is to heat up deuterium gas until the nucleus (one proton and one neutron) of each atom is separated from the electron that ordinarily orbits around it (deuterium is the hydrogen isotope in heavy water, D2O). If the particles are made hot enough, the deuterium nuclei will collide with ample force to "fuse" together, forming helium 3 and giving off a neutron. When that happens, part of their mass is converted into energy-the energy of the hydrogen bomb, the stars...
...bubble-chamber picture (see cut), an antiproton from the Bevatron enters at bottom and hits a proton (1): out of the collision come one lambda and one anti-lambda particle. Since both are neutral electrically, they leave no tracks in the liquid hydrogen, but after a short, invisible career, each decays into track-leaving particles by which it can be identified. The lambda ( 2) turns into a proton and a negative pi meson, both of which go off the picture leaving strong curved tracks. The anti-lambda (3) turns into an antiproton and a positive pi meson. The positive...