Word: protoplasmal
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...Cell (protoplasm), biologists agree, is made up of two main parts: the yolk-like nucleus and the oily cytoplasm. Both nucleus and cytoplasm contain solid and liquid portions; in addition they contain further specialized units of matter: in the nucleus, membrane, nucleolus, chromosomes; in the cytoplasm, membrane, granules, vacuoles, plastids. It is the behavior of these infinitesimal units that biologists are now trying to study...
First he pictures the living cell (normal or cancerous) and its system: 1) nucleus, 2) protoplasm, 3) semipermeable cell membrane, 4) environment (blood and tissue juices). From its environment the cell gets its energy-producing materials. Through its environment it gets rid of its wastes. Glycogen, or animal sugar, is almost the sole source of cell energy. In normal cells half the absorbed glycogen is oxidized, half turned to lactic acid. In cancerous cells, for every 13 glycogen molecules, twelve split up into lactic acid and one is oxidized...
...Eliminate all views of snails on actual cross fertilization. . . . Eliminate . . . 'Here are two single celled animals in conjugation. Notice that the protoplasm, the living substance, is flowing from one to another.' . . . Eliminate all views of embryo . . . actual copulation of female mantis . . . views of spiders actually mating . . . views of child at mother's breast and view of bare breast . . . view of children where sex is exposed. . . . Reason: INDECENT...
...Crile's experiment toward creating living material out of dead is highly exciting. Basic material of all beings is protoplasm. Every body cell contains protoplasm, a gooey material like white of egg, one-fourth heavier than water. Protoplasm always contains at least twelve elements: calcium, carbon, chlorine, hydrogen, iron, magnesium, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulphur. The living combination of these is exceedingly complex. Best of chemists have been unable to decipher the protoplasmic interrelations. Could they do "so, they could make protoplasm in their laboratories...
Between the crystal (highest form of inorganic matter) and a unicellular bit of protoplasm (lowest form of living matter) has been a gap which scientists have never been able to span. In a recent issue of Nature, British scientific weekly, Dr. F. Rinne, University of Freiburg, Germany, suggested similarities between a crystal and a simple sperm cell which may be the means of drawing living and nonliving matter together. He pointed out that a chief characteristic of liquid crystals* is the so-called "straight-stretch" type of molecule which composes it. Protein molecules of sperm cells are also...