Word: prussianization
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Iraqi armored and infantry units get good marks from military experts for the way they carried out the invasion of Kuwait. But they were operating against very light opposition. Everything becomes much more difficult in heavy combat when what Prussian military theorist Karl von Clausewitz called "the friction" of war confuses commanders, frightens troops and disrupts plans...
...person in charge of this complex operation is assistant managing editor Karsten Prager. Born in 1936 in the East Prussian capital of Konigsberg (now the Soviet city of Kaliningrad), he finished secondary school in Recklinghausen, West Germany. He made his first visit to the U.S. in 1952 as an exchange student in Bronson, Mich., and later graduated from the University of Michigan. Prager joined TIME in 1965 as a correspondent in the Hong Kong bureau and has worked in Vietnam, New York City, San Francisco, Beirut and Madrid. He oversaw the Germany issue and, in a story based on conversations...
...members of the confederation still met in Frankfurt, and the Habsburg delegates still exerted unofficial leadership, but the young Prussian delegate determined that this must be changed. "Before very long," Bismarck wrote back to Berlin, 'we shall have to fight for our lives against Austria . . . because the progress of events in Germany has no other issue." Prussia's King William I appointed Bismarck Minister-President in 1862, and within four years, Bismarck was ready for a showdown with Austria. Prussia's chief of staff, Count Helmuth von Moltke, had revived the army of Frederick the Great, making it once again...
...When an improvised government in Paris proclaimed the Third Republic and vowed to continue the war, Moltke insisted on besieging Paris. By now it seemed clear to the German princes who had followed Prussia into the war that their future lay in a united Germany under Prussian leadership. Bismarck artfully arranged to have William crowned Kaiser (Caesar) in January of 1871 in the palace of Versailles, that bastion of the French kings, while the hungry citizens of nearby Paris endured the Prussian siege...
...19th and part of the 20th century, many of its theorists were romantic nationalists, some of them anti-Semitic. Even the Brothers Grimm, in their collections of fairy tales, emphasized nationalism, order, discipline and contempt for the Jews. Modern, post-1871 Germany was organized in the mold of the Prussian state and strutted the world stage until it lost the first World War, after which it was plunged into disorder, depression and despair. As Friedrich Nietzsche anticipated the response: "Nothing on earth consumes a man more quickly than the passion of resentment." Out of the shambles of the well-meaning...