Word: psychoanalysts
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Psychiatrist George T. Harding Jr. was called in on the case, along with Cornelia B. Wilbur, the psychoanalyst who melded the 16 personalities of a patient known as Sybil, later the subject of a book and television play. With Wilbur's aid, Harding came to a startling conclusion: Milligan had fractured his psyche into ten "people," eight male and two female, ranging from Christene, a vulnerable three-year-old, to Arthur, 22, a rational, controlled planner who speaks with a British accent and tries to repair the damage done by the other personalities...
That research derives from Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson, who wrote a few cryptic pages on the subject, then invited others to flesh out adult stages. As Gould charts them, the stages-for men and women-break down as follows...
Most people are unlikely to find such observations very convincing or useful. Worse, Psychoanalyst Gould applies a heavy dose of Freudian pessimism: every child is born with an "insatiable biological drive" to have what it cannot have, the total attention and love of its mother. The failure to satisfy this drive, he believes, produces anger and protective devices that dominate every stage of adult development. Says Gould: "Mental life seems to have an unconscious goal-the elimination of the distortions of childhood consciousness and its demons and protective devices that restrict our life...
Kaplan is director of child clinical services at the City University of New York. In her book, she draws on both her own studies of children and the work of other researchers, chiefly Psychoanalyst Margaret Mahler, who describes the child's efforts to establish its own identity as "a second birth" or "psychological birth" that occurs around the age of 18 months. In the first four months of life, says Kaplan, the baby is merged with the mother in "the bliss of unconditional love" that later becomes the model for adult conceptions of ecstasy and perfect union...
Anna Freud, Sc.D., psychoanalyst...