Word: psychologistic
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...creativity? Where does it come from? The workings of the creative mind have been subjected to intense scrutiny over the past 25 years by an army of researchers in psychology, sociology, anthropology and neuroscience. But no one has a better overview of this mysterious mental process than Washington University psychologist R. Keith Sawyer, author of the new book Explaining Creativity: The Science of Human Innovation (Oxford; 336 pages). He's working on a version for the lay reader, due out in 2007 from Basic Books. In an interview with Francine Russo, Sawyer shares some of his findings and suggests ways...
Athletes in the throes of a slump will swear that it came all of a sudden, out of nowhere. But psychologists say the episodes are less mysterious than they seem. They usually stem from a failure to prepare mentally for the pressure of athletic competition. "Training is about strengthening the mind-body connection," says Kirsten Peterson, sports psychologist for the U.S. Olympic Committee. "Athletes need to train their mind with the same discipline that they train their bodies...
...scenarios from an ordinary off day to a prolonged slump is the way the athlete interprets the dip. "It has less to do with what is contributing to the decrease in performance and more to do with how you react and adjust to the decline," says Jonathan Katz, a psychologist at Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons...
...mental disorder, which does not surprise some mental-health experts. About 2.3 million Americans have bipolar disorder, a condition in which a person's mood can swing from depression to euphoria. But "there is still a stigma about saying 'I have a mental illness,'" says William Pollack, a psychologist at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Mass., who has consulted for the Secret Service...
...study from Northwestern University showed that 59% of all miscarriages of justice in homicide investigations in Illinois--where a year later Governor George Ryan commuted all death sentences--involved false confessions. But despite such evidence, few confessions are ever thrown out. According to Richard J. Ofshe, a social psychologist at the University of California, Berkeley, and an expert in false confessions, only recently have juries been allowed to hear testimony about the phenomenon, which can occur as a result of coercion, exhaustion or mental impairment. The juries in the Norfolk trials were not among those. Many experts say the solution...